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networking (Lecture 10)

                                                    
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What is the TCP/IP Model?
TCP/IP Model helps you to determine how a specific computer should be connected to the internet and how data should be transmitted between them. It helps you to create a virtual network when multiple computer networks are connected together. The purpose of TCP/IP model is to allow communication over large distances.
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol. It is specifically designed as a model to offer highly reliable and end-to-end byte stream over an unreliable internetwork.
TCP Characteristics:
Here, are the essential characteristics of TCP/IP protocol
  • Support for a flexible architecture
  • Adding more system to a network is easy.
  • In TCP/IP, the network remains intact until the source, and destination machines were functioning properly.
  • TCP is a connection-oriented protocol.
  • TCP offers reliability and ensures that data which arrives out of sequence should put back into order.
The functionality of the TCP/IP model is divided into four layers, and each includes specific protocols.
TCP/IP is a layered server architecture system in which each layer is defined according to a specific function to perform. All these four layers work collaboratively to transmit the data from one layer to another.
  • Application Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Internet Layer
  • Network Interface




Advantages of TCP/IP
Here, are pros/benefits of using the TCP/IP model:
  • It helps you to establish/set up a connection between different types of computers.
  • It operates independently of the operating system.
  • It supports many routing-protocols.
  • It enables the internetworking between the organizations.
  • TCP/IP model has a highly scalable client-server architecture.
  • It can be operated independently.
  • Supports a number of routing protocols.
  • It can be used to establish a connection between two computers.
Disadvantages of TCP/IP
Here, are few drawbacks of using the TCP/IP model:
  • TCP/IP is a complicated model to set up and manage.
  • The shallow/overhead of TCP/IP is higher-than IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange).
  • In this, model the transport layer does not guarantee delivery of packets.
  • Replacing protocol in TCP/IP is not easy.

  • It has no clear separation from its services, interfaces, and protocols.


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