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Nettech 2 (Lecture 2 )


MAC OS X Server

Client Support
TCP/IP file sharing with Macintosh clients using Network File System (NFS), and File Transfer Apple File Protocol 3.0

Interoperability
Mac OS X Server uses the Open Source SAMBA to provide Windows users with Server Message Block (SMB) file sharing. Network File System (NFS) lets you make folders available to UNIX and Linux users.

File and Print Services
Mac OS X Server provides support for native Macintosh, Windows, UNIX, and Linux file sharing. Protocols supported include:

·         Apple file services (AFP 3.0) from any AppleShare client over TCP/IP

·         Windows (SMB/CIFS) file sharing using Samba

·         Network File System (NFS) for UNIX and Linux file access

·         Internet (FTP)

Built-in print services can spool files to any PostScript-capable printer over TCP/IP, AppleTalk, or USB. Macintosh customers can use the LPR support in Print Center or the Desktop Printer utility to connect to a shared printer. Windows users can use their native SMB/CIFS protocol to connect to a shared printer.

Print services for OS X Server

Macintosh and UNIX (LPR/LPD)

Windows (SMB/CIFS)

Security

·         Multiple-user architecture and user-level access privileges.

·         Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) support provides encrypted and authenticated client/server communications.

·         Secure Shell (SSH) provides encryption and authentication for secure remote administration.

·         Kerberos support for centralized login authentication.

Netware

NetWare has been a great LAN operating system for years, but only recently (with NetWare 5.x has NetWare moved beyond the LAN to where it can easily be a part of larger networks. Until quite recently, Novell NetWare used to be the single most-used network operating system (NOS). However, first Windows NT, and Windows 2000 and Linux, have steadily eaten into the NetWare market share for network operating systems. Currently, all three operating systems have a roughly equal share of the network operating system market, which means that NetWare is still used in at least one-third of all server systems.
NetWare features
NetWare offers the following features :

·         Multiprocessor kernel: This feature enables one NetWare operating system to utilize multiple processors. This process is called symmetric multiprocessing (SMP). SMP enables processors to share memory and bus paths, even coordinating the processing of a single application in parallel.

·         NLMs: Where UNIX uses daemons and Windows uses services, NetWare uses NetWare Loadable Modules (or NLMs) to provide services from the server. NLMs are programs that run in the background on the server to provide consistent services to the network.

·         PCI Hot Plug: This feature enables administrators to dynamically configure PCI network components while the system is running. You can replace, upgrade, or add new cards with the Hot replace, Hot upgrade, and Hot expansion features, respectively.

Client Support
NetWare 5 comes with Novell Client software for three client platforms: DOS and Windows 3.1x, Windows 95/98, and Windows NT.

Interoperability
You can set the Novell Clients for Windows 95/98 and Windows NT to work with one of three network protocol options: IP only, IP and IPX, or IPX only.

Authentication
Centralized login authentication

File and Print Services
File Services NetWare offers two choices of mutually compatible file services: Novell Storage Services (NSS) and the traditional NetWare File System. Both kinds of file services let you store, organize, manage, access, and retrieve data on the network. NSS gathers all unpartitioned free space that exists on all the hard drives connected to your server, together with any unused space in NetWare volumes, and places it into a storage pool. You create NSS volumes from this storage pool during server installation or later through NWCONFIG. Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS) is the default and preferred print system in NetWare. NDPS supports IP-based as well as IPX-based printing.

Security
Novell has support for a public key infrastructure built into NetWare 5 using a public certificate, developed by RSA Security.

Windows

Directory Services
A directory service is a database of user accounts and other information that network administrators use to control access to shared network resources. When users connect to a network, they have to be authenticated before they can access network resources. Authentication is the process of checking the user's credentials (usually a user name and a password) against the directory. Users that supply the proper credentials are permitted access according to the permissions specified by the network administrator.

Client Support
Windows 3.x, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT Workstation 4.0 Windows 2000 Professional, Xp Pro. Vista Ultimate, Vista Business.

Interoperability
Windows 2000,2003,2008 Server supports UNIX, Novell NetWare, Windows NT Server 4.0, and Macintosh.

Authentication
Successful user authentication in a Windows 2000,2003,2008 computing environment consists of separate processes: interactive logon, which confirms the user's identification to either a domain account or a local computer, and network authentication, which confirms the user's identification to any network service that the user attempts to access.

Types of authentication
Kerberos V5 is used with either a password or a smart card for interactive logon. It is also the default method of network authentication for services.The Kerberos V5 protocol verifies both the identity of the user and network services Secure Socket Layer/Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) authentication, is used when a user attempts to access a secure Web server.

File and Print Services
You can add and maintain printers in Windows server using the print administration wizard, and you can add file shares using Active Directory management tools. Windows server also offers Distributed File Services, which let you combine files on more than one server into a single share.

Active Directory
After many years of anticipation, Microsoft introduced an enterprise directory service in the Windows 2000 Server product line, called Active Directory. It uses a hierarchical tree design comprised of container and leaf objects. The fundamental unit of organization in Active Directory directory service is the domain, but; you can group domains together into a tree, and even group multiple trees together into a forest. Domains that are in the same tree automatically have bidirectional trust relationships established between them, which eliminates the need for administrators to create them manually. The trust relationships are also transitive , meaning that if Domain A trusts Domain B and Domain B trusts Domain C, then Domain A trusts Domain C.

Security
User-level security protects shared network resources by requiring that a security provider authenticate a user’s request to access resources. The domain controller , grants access to the shared resource by verifying that the user name and password are the same as those on the user account list stored on the network security provider. Because the security provider maintains a network-wide list of user accounts and passwords, each client computer does not have to store a list of accounts. Share-level security protects shared network resources on the computer with individually assigned passwords. For example, you can assign a password to a folder or a locally attached printer. If other users want to access it, they need to type in the appropriate password. If you do not assign a password to a shared resource, every user with access to the network can access that resource.

Appleshare IP (Internet Protocol)

Client Support
TCP/IP file sharing with Macintosh clients using Network File System (NFS), and File Transfer Apple File Protocol 3.0.

Interoperability
Windows Server Message Block (SMB) file sharing.

File and Print Services
File Services:

·         Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) over TCP/IP and AppleTalk

·         Server Message Block (SMB) over TCP/IP

·         File Transfer Protocol (FTP) over TCP/IP

Print Services:

·         PAP (AppleTalk)

·         LPR/LPD

Application Support

·         HTTP

·         Mail (SMTP, POP, IMAP and Authenticated Post Office Protocol APOP)

·         Mac CGI

 


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